Was Mary Mallon a victim or villain free essay sample

Mary Mallon was a woman of Irish descent who came to the United States as an immigrant to start a new life in 1886. She worked as a cook in a house where wealthy families came to celebrate their vacation. She was a healthy carrier of typhoid and made the guests sick and they died because of her. Although science had not been developed enough yet and she was tried unfairly it did not make her only a victim. Mary Mallon transformed from victim to villain. When she decided not to report to the police and return to cooking. Mary Mallon was a victim when she was quarantined for the first time. Science had not been developed enough yet to prove and explain what healthy carriers really were and if they existed at all. She believed that she could not be a carrier without being sick. At the time she was asked by George Soper, a researcher who specialized in investigating where diseases come from, to cooperate to do a test with him, which she did not want to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Mary Mallon a victim or villain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soper implied that she might carry the bacteria and be the cause of the vacationers in the house getting sick. But because she was not sick herself she did not believe a word he said and ignored him. Mary had no reason to believe she could be a typhoid carrier. At the time the theory was; you either have typhoid and are really sick or you do not. The same applies to spreading it. She at least would have to be very sick in order to spread it. No one knew about healthy carriers, who like her, were healthy and yet carried the disease with them their whole lives and could also spread it. They did not get sick themselves because their immune system had beaten the bacteria. Therefore, when police officers came to arrest her and put her in quarantine without trial, she really did not know what was happening to her and why. They told her that she was a healthy carrier and had made people sick, but why would she believe this? It was a really novel idea and people were still under the assumption that typhoid was spread by lack of hygiene. So was she. â€Å" Message to good Housewives† with the warning that the house might look clean, â€Å"but don’t get the idea that you can judge simply by the appearance of things†. â€Å"Wherever there is dirt, germs can breed; and flies and vermin will come† (Tomes Reading, p 165). People also did not know that typhoid could be spread by uncooked food like ice cream. If science had been developed more they could have maybe used Mary to find a cure or at least it would probably have given her a better trial in the first place. Now everyone was thinking she had typhoid, so let us just lock her up. Maybe they could have thought of better solutions if they had known more. However, Mary Mallon became a villain after she was released from quarantine, because then she knew she was not allowed to go back to cooking and she did anyway. As a result, many people in the hospital where she worked became sick and died. I have to believe that when she was in the hospital and all of the papers were written about her and cartoons were published she had to know she was carrying it. They would not have kept her in quarantine for so long if she had not been a threat to civilization. Also given the fact that the people in the house where she had worked at first had all become sick must have proved a point to her. They did multiple tests on her as well that proved she carried it. She might still have been thinking that it could not be true but that would have been really ignorant. The facts speak for themselves. When she got out of quarantine and had to obey the rules that they had given to her, and did not obey them she had transformed in to a villain. She knew she was not allowed to cook again because she could spread the disease that way. She had to inform the government where she was and did not do that either. The fact that she went back to cooking for me proves she turned into a villain, because that made many innocent people sick and caused many of them to die. And the worst thing is that of all places she did it in a hospital. She knew she was not allowed to do it but still did it with huge consequences. When she did not know what she was doing she was a victim of her own medical condition, once she knew what she was doing she had become a villain. The fact that after she came out of quarantine she had to work extremely low- paid and bad jobs did not give her the right to go back to cooking and make innocent people sick and die.

Argumentative Essay Sample on Racism and Racial Prejudice

Argumentative Essay Sample on Racism and Racial Prejudice In Western countries the businesses, the media and the education system go to great lengths to remove ‘racism’ from their infrastructure, and all traces of material that might be construed as racist from their brochures, presentations and classes. It seems that to be tarred with the word constitutes such an ugly branding that people’s main motivation for avoiding it has become fear of condemnation, rather than an active quest for moral justice. Perhaps it would be prudent to discard the stigma for a moment and ask the rather controversial question, ‘Is racism really wrong?’ That is to say, is it racism itself that we should be fighting against? Have we actually forgotten what we are fighting? This morning I held a door open for a lady and was met with a smile and a â€Å"Thank you†. A nice example of courtesy and politeness, you might think. It might then surprise you to learn that this event made me angry, and that incidents like this make me angry on a daily basis. The problem is a racial one: I am living in South China, the lady is Chinese, and she said â€Å"Thank you† in English. I am assured by Chinese friends that the general population’s deliberate use of the English language when faced with a Caucasian face is a mark of respect. However, why do they think in these circumstances respect needs to be conveyed at all? Why do they feel it is necessary to draw attention to my whiteness? It almost smells of a guilty conscience. The lady’s reaction to my help was prejudice no matter how you interpret it. She was concluding from my white face that (a) I spoke English and (b) I could not speak Chinese. She had no direct evidence that either of these were true. I use the term ‘prejudice’ in preference to ‘racism’ as I think the former to be more important and fundamental, and all too often dropped in favour of the latter in a case like this. I believe in the drive the West has seen to stamp out ‘racism’ it is often forgotten that ‘racism’ is just one example of prejudice, that barefaced prejudice is the real moral injustice, and indeed that we can have racism without prejudice. â€Å"I will never work for a Chinese boss again,† my friend declares routinely. Although this is clearly a racist statement, my friend’s use of the word ‘again’ is what differentiates it from prejudice. In fact my friend’s employment history spans a number of Chinese employers, a catalogue of lies, mistreatment and underpayment. In the wake of this, would it not be idiocy on the part of my friend to assume yet another position with a Chinese employer? If I met fifty swans and they all bit me, would I not be a fool to exercise caution when greeted with the fifty-first? Race is only one way to divide and categorise a population. Another might be age. However, a sign in a shop window declaring â€Å"no under 16s† in the West would be received without even a raised eyebrow, in complete contrast to a sign declaring, for example, â€Å"no Japanese†. Yet the shopkeeper’s motives for wanting to write either of these signs might be essentially the same, and based entirely upon the shopkeepers experience. Is it not the shopkeepers right to be able to select on the basis of any categorization system that he or she chooses? Why should he or she be able to select on the grounds of age but not on race? Passing judgment without sufficient experience is certainly unfair. But I believe there is a distinction between ‘racism’ and ‘racial prejudice’, the former being a trumped up charge of which the media are fond, the second being just a single member of a set of possible social complaints, all of which deserve equal attention.

Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) Essay

Drug profile of pharmacology ( Naloxone ) - Essay Example They also reverse the effect of the exogenous and endogenous opioid receptors by creating perceptible of opioid withdrawal in the opioid dependent patients. The common Opioid antagonists are naloxone and nalmefene and naltrexone are competitive antagonists for the opioid receptors. Naloxone is used primarily for the patients suffering from respiratory depression. 2. Naloxone – An introduction: Chemical name: â€Å"(-)-17-Allyl-4, 5a-epoxy-3, 14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Generic Name: Naloxone Trade names: â€Å"Naloxone hydrochloride Injection (DBL or CSL brands), Naloxone Min-I-Jet Suboxone (in combination with Buprenorphine), Targin (in combination with oxycodone).† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Other Names: â€Å"L-Naloxone , N- Allylnoroxymorphone, Nalossone, Naloxona, Naloxone HCl, Naloxonum.† (Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). Similar Ligands of Naloxone: Nalmefene, naltrexone, (+ ) – Naloxone, Naloxonazine, nalbuphine, naltriben and naltrindole, naloxone benzoylhydrazone, TRK820, beta – FNA, etorphine, diprenorphine, buprenorphine, nor-binalto and BNTX .(Sinatra, Jahr and Watkins-Pitchford, 2010). ... It is mainly used for managing opiate dependence syndrome and respiratory depressions caused by overdose of Opioids. The paramedic indications are: 1. Antinarcotic agents. 2. Narcotic antagonists. 3. Depressants. 4. Opiate Antagonists. 5. Reverse sedations caused by Opioids. 6. Respiratory depressants in neonatal care. 3. Mechanism of Action: Naloxone reverses the effect of the opioid overdose. Naloxone competitively binds to the opioid receptors and replaces the opioid molecules. By doing so, it reverses the effect of the agonists such as heroin. Naloxone is competitive antagonists at the mu, kappa and delta receptors. They have 10 fold greater affinity for the mu receptors. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Naloxone does not have any effect on the normal individuals but they precipitate the withdrawal symptoms at the abuse users. Animal studies have suggested that Naloxone inhibits GABA release and stimulates the cholinergic activity. Similarly they do not reverse the effects of ethanol. N aloxone first increases the local blood flow. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Then the drug crosses the cellular membrane and increases the cellular metabolism. Finally it aids in cell repair. Fig 2: competition of Naloxone with the opioid agonists. (Harvey and Champe 2008). Pharmacology: Naloxone is a pure competitive antagonist for the mu receptors. Mu receptors are responsible for miosis, euphoria, feeding, sedation and respiratory depression. Naloxone binds to the competitive receptors such that their antagonists or partial antagonists or mixed agonist- antagonist binding without any independent action. (Flomenbaum et al. 2006). The pharmacokinetics of naloxone differs from the other antagonists. Some studies have also found that extreme low doses of naloxone (0.25 micrograms per